Şam hükümdarları listesi
Antik zamanlardan günümüze Şam hükümdarları listesi
Kenan
- Uz ben Shem (c. 2500 BC)
- Biryawaza (14th century BC)
Arami-Damascus
- Rezon I (c. 950 BC)
- Tabrimmon
- Ben-Hadad I (c. 885 BCE-c. 865 BC)
- Hadadezer (c. 865 BC-c. 842 BC)
- Hazael (c. 842 BC-c. 804 BC)
- Ben-Hadad III (c. 796 BC)
- Tab-El (c. 770 BC)
- Rezon II (c. 740 BC-732 BC)
Bağımsız olmayan dönem
- Asurlulara bağlı (732 BC-609 BC)
- Ilu-Ittia (yaklaşık 8. yüzyıl BC)
- Babil'e bağlı (609 BC-539 BC)
- Ahameniş İmparatorluğu'na bağlı (539 BC-332 BC)
- Makedonya'ya bağlı (332 BC-323 BC)
- Antigonid Hanedanı'na bağlı (323 BC-301 BC)
- Ptolemaios Krallığı'na bağlı (301 BC-198 BC)
- Seleukos İmparatorluğu'na bağlı (198 BC-167 BC)
- Ituraea'ya bağlı (167 BC-110 BC) (Seleukos'dan yarı bağımsız)
- Dekapolis'e bağlı (110 BC-85 BC) (Seleukos'dan yarı bağımsız)
- Nebatî Krallığı'na bağlı (85 BC-64 BC)
- Roma Cumhuriyeti/Roma İmparatorluğu/Bizans İmparatorluğu (64 BC-635)
- Gassanilere bağlı (529-584; ?-635)
Dört Halife
- Halid bin Velid (635-636)
- Ebu Ubeyde bin Cerrah (636-637)
- Amr bin Âs (637-640)
- Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan (640)
- Muaviye bin Ebu Süfyan (640-661)
Emevîler
- Muâviye bin Ebu Süfyan (661-680)
- Yezîd bin Muâviye (680-683)
- Ebu Laylâ Muâviye bin Yezîd (683-684)
- Mervân bin Hakem (684-685)
- Abdülmelik bin Mervan (685-705)
- Ebu'l-Abbas el-Velid Bin Abdülmelik (705-715
- Süleyman bin Abdülmelik (715-717)
- Ömer bin Abdülazîz (717-720 )
- Yezîd bin Abdülmelik (720-724)
- Hişâm bin Abdülmelik (724-743)
- Velîd bin Yezîd (743-744)
- Yezîd bin Velîd (744)
- İbrahim bin Velîd (744)
- Mervân bin Muhammed (Yukarı Mezopotamya, Harran'dan yönetmiştir, 744-750)
Abbâsî emirleri
- Abdallah ibn Ali (750-754)
- Salih ibn Ali (754)
- Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi(754-764)
- Al-Fadl ibn Salih (766-775)
- Ebu Cafer Harun er-Reşid (783-786)
- Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (791-793)
- Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki (793-794)
- Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (794-797)
- Ja'far ibn Yahya (797-803)
- Shu'ayb ibn Khazim (803-804)
- Yahya ibn Mu'adh ibn Muslim (806-808)
- Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (810-811)
- Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (811-815)
- Tahir ibn al-Husein (815-821)
- Abdallah ibn Tahir (821-822)
- Ebu İshak Abbas el-Mutasım Billâh (828-829)
- al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun (829-833)
- 'Ali ibn Ishaq (833-841)
- Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841-847)
- Malik ibn Sauq al-Taglibi (847-850)
- Ibrahim al-Muyad ibn Mutawakkil (850-855)
- al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856-861)
- 'Isa ibn Muhammad ibn al-Shayh (861-864)
- Isa ibn Muhammad al-Nawshari.(c. 866)
- Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, asi vali (c. 867-870)
- Amajur al-Turki (870-878)
- 'Ali ibn Amajur al-Turki (878)
- Mısır Tolunoğulları'na bağlı (877-896)
- Tughj ibn Juff (896–905)
- Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh (905–906)
- al-Rashidi (928–931)
- Muhammed bin Toğaç (931–935)
- Mısır İhşîdîler'e bağlı (935-969), istisnalar:
- to Ibn Ra'iq (939–942)
- Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943-945)
- Sayf al-Dawla Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Abu al-Shuja (945'te kısa bir dönem ve 947)
Fâtımî emirleri
- Abu Ali Ja'far ibn Fallah al-Kutami (970-971)
- Karmatîlerin Şam'ı işgali
- Zalim ibn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973-974)
- Jaysh ibn Muhammad (974)
- Rayn al-Mu'izzi (974)
- Alptekin el-Mûizzi (975-978)
- Qassam al-Turab (978-983)
- Fâtımîlerin Şam'ı geri alması
- Baltakin al-Turki (983)
- Bakcur (983-991)
- Ya'qub al-Siqlabi (991)
- Mançutekin (993-996)
- Sulayman ibn Fallah (996)
- Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997-998)
- Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998-1000)
- Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000–1002)
- Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002–1004)
- Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004–1009)
- Hamid ibn Mulham (1009)
- Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010–1011)
- Badr al-Attar (1011–1012)
- Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012–1014)
- Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015–1021)
- Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021–1023)
- Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023–1024)
- Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024–1028)
- Anushtakin ad-Dizbari (1028–1041)
- Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1041–1048)
- Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048–1049)
- Rifq al-Khadim (1049)
- Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049–1058)
- Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058)
- Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1058–1060)
- Sebuq Tegin (1060)
- Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060–1061)
- Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061)
- Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061)
- Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061–1063)
- Bedr el-Cemâli (1063)
- Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063–1067)
- Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068–1069)
- Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069–1071)
- Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075–1076)
Selçuklu emirleri
- Atsız bin Uvak (1076–1079)
- I. Tutuş (1079–1095)
- Dukak (1095–1104)
- II. Tutuş (1104)
- Ertaş (1104)
Böri emirleri
- Tuğtekin (1104–1128)
- Tacülmülk Böri (1128–1132)
- Şemsülmülk İsmail (1132–1135)
- Şehabeddin Mahmud (1135–1139)
- Cemaleddin Muhammed (1139–1140)
- Muinüddin Üner (Naip, 1140–1149)
- Mucireddin Abak (1140–1154)
Zengi atabegleri
- Nûreddin Mahmud Zengî (1154–1174)
- el-Melikü's-Sâlih İmâdüddin İsmâil (1174)
Eyyûbî emirleri (bazıları aynı zamanda Mısır Sultanıdır)
- Selahaddin Eyyubi (1174–1186)
- Afdal bin Selâhaddîn (1186–1196)
- I. Adil (1196–1218)
- Muazzam bin Adil (1218–1227)
- Nasır Davud (1227–1229)
- Al-Ashraf (1229–1237)
- As-Salih Ismail (1237)
- Kamil bin Adil (1237–1238)
- II. Âdil (1238–1239)
- es-Sâlih Eyyûb (1239)
- es-Sâlih İsmail (1239–1245)
- es-Sâlih Eyyûb (1245–1249)
- Muazzam Turanşah (1249–1250)
- An-Nasir Yusuf (1250–1260)
Memlûk Devleti naipleri
- Sanjar as-Salihi (Ağustos 1260–Ekim 1260)[1]
- Taybars al-Waziri (Ekim 1260–1264)[1]
- Aqush as-Salihi (1264–)[1]
- Sunqur al-Ashqar (1275–1280)
- Lajin al-Ashqar (1280-?)
- Aqush Bey (yaklaşık 1290s)
- İzzeddin Aybek (?-1296)
- Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296–1297)
- Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297–1312)
- Sayf ad-Din Tanqiz as-Nasiri (1312–1340)
- Yilbugha an-Nasiri (1340–1350)
- Sayf ad-Din Manjak (1350)
- Tash Timur (yaklaşık 1380)
- Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?-1393)
- Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393–1399)
- Sudun (1399–1400)
- Timur tarafından işgal edildi (1400–1401)
- Taghribirdi az-Zahiri (1401-?)
- Kijmas (yaklaşık 1470'ler)
- Ghazali Arab (yaklaşık 16. yüzyıl)
- Sibai (yaklaşık 16. yüzyıl)[2]
- Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516–1517)
- Canberdi Gazâlî (1518–1521)
Osmanlı valileri
- Yunus Paşa (yaklaşık 1516)
- Canberdi Gazâlî (1518–1521)
- Ayas Mehmed Paşa (1521–1522)
- Serdar Ferhat Paşa (1522–1523)
- Hurram Paşa (1523–1525)
- Sulayman Paşa al-Tawashi (1525–1526)
- Lütfü Paşa (1526–1528)
- İsa Bey Paşa Chenderli (1528–1531)
- Mustafa Ablak Paşa (1531–1534)
- Lütfü Paşa (1534–1535)
- İsa Bey Paşa Chenderli (1535)
- Muhammad Kuzal Paşa (1536–1537)
- Topal Sulayman Paşa (1537–1538)
- Ahmed Paşa I (1538–1539)
- Qese Husrau Paşa (1539–1541)
- Isa Paşa (1541–1543)
- Piri Paşa (1543–1545)
- Hadım Sinan Paşa (1545–1550)
- Piri Paşa (1550–1551)
- Muhammad Paşa Bartaki (1551–1552)
- Şemsi Ahmed Paşa (1552–1555)
- Hizr Paşa (1555–1561)
- Ali Paşa Lankun (1561–1563)
- Khusrau Paşa I (1563)
- Lala Mustafa Paşa (1563–1569)
- Murad Paşa Shaitan (1569)
- Ali Paşa Lankun (1569–1570)
- Haji Ahmed Paşa (1570–1571)
- Lala Jafar Paşa (1574–1575)
- Murad Paşa (1575–1577)
- Sokulluzade Hasan Paşa (1577–1581)
- Bahram Paşa (1581–1582)
- Hüseyin Paşa Boljanić (1582–1583)
- Sokulluzade Hasan Paşa (1583)
- Qubad Sulayman Paşa (1584)
- Sokulluzade Hasan Paşa (1585–1586)
- Üveys Paşa (1586–1587)
- Muhammad Paşa Farhad (1587–1588)
- Üveys Paşa (1588–1589)
- Elwanzade Ali Paşa (1589–1590)
- Koca Sinan Paşa (1590)
- Sokulluzade Hasan Paşa (1590–1591)
- Mustafa Paşa I (1591–1592)
- Khalil Paşa (1592–1593)
- Qachirji Mohammad Paşa (1593–1594)
- Sokulluzade Hasan Paşa (1594)
- Murad Paşa (1594–1595)
- Khusrau Paşa II (1595–1596)
- Razia Hutunzade Mustafa Paşa (1596–1597)
- Yusuf Sinan Paşa (1597–1598)
- Ahmed Paşa II (1598)
- Ahmed Paşa III (1598)
- Khusrau Paşa II (1599)
- Emir Mehmed Paşa (1599–1600)
- Osman Paşa (1601–1603)
- Farhad Paşa Bustanji (1603–1604)
- Mustafa Paşa II (1604–1607)
- Mahmud Paşa (1607–1608)
- Sufi Sinan Paşa (1608–1609)
- Ahmad al-Hafiz (1609–1615)
- Silihdar Mehmed Paşa (1615–1618)
- Hafız Ahmed Paşa (1618–1619)
- Mustafa Paşa III (1619–1620)
- Süleyman Paşa I (1620–1621)
- Murtaza Paşa Bustanji (1621–1622)
- Mehmed Paşa Rushand (1622–1623)
- Mustafa Paşa al-Hannaq (1623–1624)
- Nigdeli Mustafa Paşa (1624–1625)
- Gurju Mehmed Paşa I (1625–1626)
- Tayar Oğlu Mehmed Paşa (1626–1628)
- Küçük Ahmed Paşa (1628–1629)
- Mustafa Paşa IV (1629–1630)
- Nawaya Mehmed Paşa (1630–1631)
- İlyas Paşa (1632–1633)
- Deli Yusuf Paşa (1633–1635)
- Küçük Ahmed Paşa (1635–1636)
- Dervish Mehmed Paşa (1636–1638)
- Mustafa Paşa IV (1638–1639)
- Chifteli Othman Paşa (1639–1640)
- Mehmed Paşa I (1640–1641)
- Serji Ahmed Paşa (1641–1642)
- Melik Ahmed Paşa (1642–1643)
- Sultanzade Mehmed Paşa (1643)
- Silihdar Yusuf Paşa (1643–1644)
- Gurju Mehmed Paşa II (1644–1645)
- Ibrahim Paşa I (1645)
- Mehmed Paşa Salami (1645–1646)
- Gürcê Mehmed (1646)
- Silahdar Yusuf Paşa (1646–1647)
- Sufi Murteza Paşa (1647)
- Sofu Mehmed Paşa (1648)
- İbşir Mustafa Paşa (1649)
- Mehmed Paşa II (1649–1650)
- Silahdar Murtaza Paşa (1650)
- Sivaslı Mustafa Paşa (1650)
- Haseki Mehmed Paşa (1650–1652)
- Defterzade Mehmed Paşa (1653–1655)
- Kara Murat Paşa (1655; makamı üstlenmeden önce yolda ölmüştür)
- Haseki Mehmed Paşa (1656)
- Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Paşa (1659–1661)
- Sulayman Paşa II (1661–1663)
- Ribleli Mustafa Paşa (1663–1665)
- Salih Paşa I (1665–1666)
- Qara Mustafa Paşa (1666–1667)
- Mehmed Paşa Chewish Oglu (1667–1669)
- Ibrahim Paşa Shaytan (1669–1671)
- Abazekh Husein Paşa (1671–1672)
- Qara Mehmed Paşa (1672–1673)
- Ibrahim Paşa Shushman (1673–1674)
- Qer Husein Paşa (1674–1675)
- Ibrahim Paşa II (1675–1676)
- Bosniak Osman Paşa (1676–1679)
- Abazekh Husein Paşa (1679–1683)
- Ibrahim Paşa III (1684)
- Bosniak Osman Paşa (1684–1685)
- Kaplan Paşa (1686–1687)
- Arap Salih Paşa (1687–1688)
- Hamza Paşa (1688–1689)
- Bozoklu Mustafa Paşa (1690)
- Murtaza Paşa (1690–1691)
- Gürcü Mehmed Paşa III (1691–1692)
- Çelebi İsmail Paşa (1692–1693)
- İbşir Mustafa Paşa (1693–1694)
- Silihdar Osman Paşa (1695–1696)
- Silihdar Buuqli Mustafa Paşa (1696–1697)
- Ahmad Paşa Hacigirai (1697–1698)
- Silihdar Husein Paşa (1699)
- Silihdar Hasan Paşa (1700)
- Arslan Mehmed Paşa Matracyoghlu (1701)
- Salih Agha (1702)
- Mehmed Paşa Kurd-Bayram (1702–1703)
- Osman Paşa Arnavud (1703)
- Arslan Mehmed Paşa Matracyoghlu (1703–1704)
- Defterdar Mustafa Paşa (1704)
- Firari Hüseyin Paşa (1704–1705)
- Mehmed Paşa Kurd-Bayram (1705–1706)
- Baltacı Süleyman Paşa (1706–1707)
- Yusuf Paşa Qapudan (1707-1708)
- Nasuh Paşa al-Aydini (1708–1712)
- Jarkas Muhammad Paşa (1713-1715)
- Tubal Yusuf Paşa (1715-1716)
- Ibrahim Paşa Qapudan (1716)
- Recep Paşa (1716)
- Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Paşa (1716–1717)
- Köprülü Abdullah Paşa (1716–1717)
- Recep Paşa (1717-1718)
- Uthman Paşa Abu Tawq (1719-1721)
- Ali Paşa Maqtul (1721–1722)
- Uthman Paşa Abu Tawq (1723–1725)
- Ismail Paşa al-Azm (1725–1730)
- Abdullah Paşa al-Aydinli (1731–1734)
- Sulayman Paşa al-Azm (1734–1738)
- Husayn Paşa al-Bustanji (1738)
- Uthman Paşa al-Muhassil (1739–1740)
- Ali Paşa Abu Qili (1740)
- Sulayman Paşa al-Azm (1741–1743)
- As'ad Paşa al-Azm (1743–1757)
- Husayn Paşa ibn Makki (1757)
- Abdullah Paşa al-Jatahji (1757-1759)
- Muhammad Paşa al-Shalik (1759–1760)
- Uthman Paşa al-Kurji (1760–1771)
- Muhammad Paşa al-Azm (1771–1772)
- Hafiz Mustafa Paşa Bustanji (1773–1783)
- Mehmed Paşa al-Kurji (1783)
- Darwish Paşa al-Kurji (1783–1784)
- Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1784–1786)
- Husayn Paşa Battal (1786–1787)
- Abdi Paşa (1787–1788)
- Ibrahim Paşa al-Halabi (1788–1789)
- Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1790–1795)
- Abdullah Paşa al-Azm (1795–1798)
- Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1798–1799)
- Abdullah Paşa al-Azm (1799–1803)
- Cezzâr Ahmed Paşa (1803–1804)
- Abdullah Paşa al-Azm (1804-807)
- Kunj Yusuf Paşa (1807–1810)
- Sulayman Paşa al-Adil (1810-1812)[3]
- Silahdar Süleyman Paşa (Şubat 1812–Mayıs 1816)[4]
- Sulayman Paşa al-Adil (1816; vekaleten)
- Hafiz Amasyali Ali Paşa (1816–Mart 1817)
- Salih Paşa (Mart 1817–1817)
- Izmirli Süleyman Paşa (1817–1819)
- Dervish Mehmed Paşa (1819–1822)
- Beylanli Mustafa Paşa (June 1822–April 1823)
- Salih Paşa (April 1823–January 1824)
- Muftizade Ahmed Paşa (1824–Mayıs 1824)
- Haci Veliyeddin Paşa (1825–1826)
- Hakkı İsmail Paşa (Ekim1826–1827)
- İzmirli Haci Salih Paşa (1827–1828)
- Mehmed Emin Rauf Paşa (1828–1831)
- Benderli Mehmed Selim Sırrı Paşa (1831–1832)
- Mısır'a bağlı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndan özerk
- Ahmed Bey (1831–1832)
- Kavalalı İbrahim Paşa (1832)
- Muhammed Şerif Paşa (1832–1838)
- boş (1838–1840)
- İzzet Mehmed Paşa (1840–1841)
- Reşid Mehmed Paşa (1841–1844)
- Mehmed Namık Paşa (1845–1846)
- Rıza Paşa (1845–1846)
- Musa Sefveti Paşa (1846)
- Namık Paşa (1848)
- Mehmed Namık Paşa (1848–1850)
- Osman Paşa Said Paşa (1850–1852)
- İzzet Mehmed Paşa (1852)
- Açaf Paşa (1852–1854)
- Arif Mehmed Paşa (1854–1855)
- Mehmed Namık Paşa (1855)
- Mahmud Nedim Paşa (1855–1857)
- İzzet Ahmed Paşa (1857)
- Ali Paşa II (1858)
- Mu'amer Paşa (1860)
- Mehmed Fuad Paşa (1860–1861)
- Ahmed Paşa IV (1861)
- Emin Muhlis Paşa (1861–1862)
- Reşid Mehmed Paşa (1862–1864)
- Mütercim Mehmed Rüşdi Paşa (1864–1865)
- Mehmed Raşid Paşa (1865–1871)
- Subhi Paşa (1871–1873)
- Sherif Mehmed Re'uf Paşa (1873–1874)
- Esad Paşa (1874–1875)
- Ahmed Hamdi Paşa (1875–1876)
- Ahmed Paşa V (1876–1877)
- Küçük Ömer Fevzi Paşa (1877–1878)
- Ali Haydar Midhat Paşa (1878–1879)
- Hamdi Paşa (1880–1885)
- Raşid Naşid Paşa (1885–1888)
- Manastirli Mehmed Nazif Paşa (1888–1889)
- Mustafa Asim Paşa (1889–1891)
- Topal Osman Nuri Paşa (1891–1892)
- Şerif Mehmed Rauf Paşa (1892–1894)
- Haçi Osman Nuri Paşa (1894–1895)
- Hasan Paşa II (1896–1897)
- Nâzım Paşa (1897–1906)
- Şükrü Paşa (1906–1909)
- İsmail Fazıl Bey (1909–1911)
- İsmail Galip Bey (1911–1912)
- Kazım Paşa (1912–1913)
- Arif Bey (1913)
- Mehmed Arif Bey Mardin (1914)
- Cemal Paşa (1915)
- Azmi Paşa (1915–1916)
- Tahsin Bey (1916–1918)
- Mehmed Gabriel Paşa (1918)
- Şükrü Paşa (Ekim 1–2, 1918)
Suriye Arap Krallığı
- I. Faysal (1918–1920)
Suriye'nin başkenti
- Fransız Suriye Mandası (1920-1946)
- Suriye Cumhuriyeti (1946-1958)
- Birleşik Arap Cumhuriyeti (1958-1961)
- Suriye Arap Cumhuriyeti (1961-günümüz)
Kaynakça
- Özel
- Sato, p. 79.
- Burns 2007, s. 144.
- Sajdi, 2013, p. 98.
- Douwes, 2000, p. 58.
- Genel
- Burns, Ross (2007), Damascus: A History, Routledge, ISBN 9781134488490
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