Göksel küreler

Göksel küreler, Plato, Eudoxus, Aristo, Batlamyus, Kopernik ve diğerleri tarafından geliştirilen kozmolojik modellerin temel unsurlarıydı. Bu kozmolojik modellerde, sabit yıldızların ve gezegenlerin görünen hareketleri, sanki kürelere yerleştirilmiş mücevherler gibi, eterik, şeffaf bir beşinci elementten (esîr) yapılmış dönen kürelere gömülü olarak düşünülmüştür. Sabit yıldızların birbirlerine göre konumlarını değiştirmediğine inanıldığından, bunların tek yıldızlı bir kürenin yüzeyinde olması gerektiği ileri sürülmüştür.[1]

Jeosantrik gök küreleri; Peter Apian'ın Cosmographia adlı çalışması (Anvers, 1539)

Modern öğretide, gezegenlerin yörüngeleri, çoğunlukla boş olan uzayda, gezegenlerin izledikleri yollar olarak bilinir. Ancak eski ve orta çağ düşünürleri, göksel kürelerin her birini, üzerindeki ve aşağısındaki küre ile tam temas halinde olan ve iç içe geçmiş seyreltilmiş maddenin kalın küreleri olduğunu düşünmüştür.[2] Akademisyenler Batlamyus'un epiksiklesini uyguladığında, her gezegensel kürenin onları barındıracak kadar kalın olduğunu varsaydı. Bu iç içe geçmiş küre modelini astronomik gözlemlerle birleştirerek bilginler, Güneş'e (yaklaşık 4 milyon mil), diğer gezegenlere ve evrenin sınırına (yaklaşık 73 milyon mil) kadar olan mesafeler için genel olarak kabul edilen değerleri hesaplayabildiler.[3] İç içe geçmiş küre modelinin öngördüğü Güneş ve diğer gezegenlerin bize olan uzaklığı, modern ölçüm sonuçlarından önemli derecede farklıdır [4] ve evrenin boyutunun artık akıl almaz derecede büyük olduğu ve evrenin sürekli genişlediği bilinmektedir.[5]

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça

  1. Grant, Planets, Stars, and Orbs, p. 440.
  2. Lindberg, Beginnings of Western Science, p. 251.
  3. Van Helden, Measuring the Universe, pp. 28–40.
  4. Grant, Planets, Stars, and Orbs, pp. 437–8.
  5. Van Helden, Measuring the Universe, p. 3

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