Hobo

Hobo, göçmen işçi ya da evsiz avare gezen beş parasız kimse. Terim ABD'de batıda, büyük olasılıkla kuzeybatıda 1890 yılında ortaya çıkmıştır.[1] Serserilerin aksine hobolar seyyar işçilerdir.[1][2]

İki Hobo trenden atıldıktan sonra trenyolu boyunca yürüyor. Biri bir çıkın taşıyor.

Kültür

Cutaway illustration of a hobo stove, an improvised portable heat-producing and cooking device, utilizing air convection
Hobo terimleri Açıklama
Konaklama arabası yük vagonu
Angellina genç deneyimsiz çocuk
Kötü yol bazı hoboların kötü davranışlarından işe yaramaz hâle gelen tren yolu
Banjo (1) küçük taşınabilir kızartma tavası; (2) kısa saplı kürek
Barnacle (Yabankazı) bir işi bir ya da daha uzun yıllar yapan kimse
Beachcomber (Okyanus dalgası) bir liman veya rıhtım etrafında dolaşan hobo
Büyük ev hapishane
Bindle stick eşyaların bir araya getirilip beze sarılıp sopaya takılması, çıkın yapma a collection of belongings wrapped in cloth and tied around a stick
Bindlestiff Çıkın taşıyan
Camda üfleyen samimi güvenilir birisi
'Bo Bir hobonun diğerini tanımlamak için kullandığı söz: "Geçen bahar Bangor yolunda bir Bo ile tanıştım"
Kaynatmak genellikle, bitleri ve yumurtalarını öldürmek için elbiseleri kaynatmak
Kemik parlatıcı köpek
Kemik bahçesi mezarlık
Boğa trenyolu görevlisi
Mermiler fasulyeler
Buck Katolik rahip
Burger bugünün öğle yemeği
C, H, ve D Bir kişinin üşüdüğünü, acıktığını ve susadığını gösterir
Kaliforniya battaniyesi gazeteler, banklarda yatak olarak kullanılmaları nedeniyle

Hobo işaretleri (semboller)

Hobo işaretleri, California, ca. 1870s
New Orleans, Louisiana 'da Canal Street Ferry girişinde Hobo kodları

Hobolar hayatlarının belirsizliği nedeniyle bir sembol sistemi ya da görsel kod sistemi geliştirmişlerdir. Hobolar diğer "kardeşlerine" yön, bilgi ve uyarı sağlamak için tebeşir veya kömür kullanarak bu kodları yazarlar. Bir sembol, "burada sağa dönün", "düşman trenyolu polisinden kaçın", "tehlikeli köpek", "yiyecek mevcut" gibi anlamlara gelmektedir. Bazı sık kullanılan işaretler:

  • haç işareti: "melek gıda" yani vaazdan sonra hobolara ikram yapılıyor.
  • ellerin olduğu bir üçgen: ev sahibi silahlı.[3]
  • yatay bir zigzag: havlayan bir köpek [4]
  • üst kenarı eksik kare: güvenli kamp yapılabilir.
  • üst şapka ve üçgen: zenginlik
  • bir mızrak ucu: kendini koru.

Kitaplar

  • All the Strange Hours: The Excavation of a Life, by Loren Eiseley, 1975. ISBN 978-0-8032-6741-1
  • American Travels of a Dutch hobo 1923-1926, by Şablon:Ill, 1984, ISBN 978-0813808888.[5]
  • The Areas of My Expertise by John Hodgman - Humor book which features a lengthy section on "hobos", including a list of 700 hobo names which spawned an online effort to illustrate the complete list.
  • Bottom Dogs, by Edward Dahlberg
  • Beggars of Life, (1924), by Jim Tully
  • Evasion by Anonymous
  • From Coast to Coast with Jack London by "A-No.-1" (Leon Ray Livingston)
  • Hard Travellin': The Hobo and His History, by Kenneth Allsop. ISBN 978-0-340-02572-7.
  • Hobo, by Eddy Joe Cotton, 2002. ISBN 978-0-609-60738-1
  • The Hobo - The Sociology of the Homeless Man, by Nels Anderson, 1923.
  • The Hobo Handbook - A Field Guide to Living by Your Own Rules, by Josh Mack, 2011. ISBN 978-1-4405-1227-8 (Book on the Hobo lifestyle, written by one who has ridden the rails in recent years.)
  • Ironweed by William Kennedy, 1983. A Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, also adapted for a 1987 film (see below).
  • The Jungle by Upton Sinclair contains a section in which the main character, Jurgis Rudkus, abandons his family in Chicago and becomes a hobo for a while.
  • Knights of the Road, by Roger A. Bruns, 1980. ISBN 978-0-416-00721-3.
  • Lonesome Road, by Thomas Minehan, 1941.
  • Lonesome Traveler, by Jack Kerouac ("The Vanishing American Hobo")
  • The Miraculous Journey of Edward Tulane by Kate DiCamillo
  • Muzzlers, Guzzlers, and Good Yeggs by Joe Coleman
  • Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck
  • On the Road, by Jack Kerouac
  • Once a Hobo... (1999), by Monte Holm
  • One More Train to Ride: The Underground World of Modern American Hobos by Clifford Williams.
  • Riding the Rails: Teenagers on the Move During the Great Depression[6] by Errol Lincoln Uys, (Routledge, 2003)ISBN 978-0-415-94575-2
  • Riding Toward Everywhere by William T. Vollmann, 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-125675-2
  • The Road, by Jack London
  • Rolling Nowhere: Riding the Rails with America's Hoboes by Ted Conover - Paperback: 304 pages, Publisher: Vintage (September 11, 2001), ISBN 0-375-72786-8
  • Sister of The Road: The Autobiography of Boxcar Bertha - (as told to) Dr. Ben Reitman
  • Stumptown Kid, By Carol Gorman and Ron J. Finley
  • Tales of an American Hobo (1989), by Charles Elmer Fox
  • Tramping on Life (1922) and More Miles (1926), by Harry Kemp
  • Waiting for Nothing, Tom Kromer
  • You Can't Win, by Jack Black

Mizah

  • Kings in Disguise (1988), by James Vance and Dan Burr
  • Laugh-Out-Loud Cats, webcomic by Adam Koford, featuring two anthropomorphic cats as hobos.
  • Many cartoons depict hobos as main or secondary characters, hobo related activities such as traveling by train, with a bindle, or in company of hobos. For example, 8 Ball Bunny (1950) with Bugs Bunny, Merrie Melodies Hobo Gadget Band (1939), Mouse Wreckers (1948) and MGM's Henpecked Hoboes (1948).
  • The Avenger and master archer in Marvel Comics, Hawkeye is aware of, and can read Hobo Code in Matt Fraction and David Aja's 2012 run on the character.
  • USA Comics #5 (1941) had a character, Butch Brogan, alias Fighting Hobo, that helps save a kidnapped puppy in the "The Dog-Nappers."
  • USA Comics #2 (1941) introduced Vagabond, a police officer named Pat Murphy who created an alter ego, Chauncey Throttlebottom III, a well spoken hobo, to fight crime.

Filmler

Belgeseller

  • American Experience, "Riding the Rails" (1999), a PBS documentary by Lexy Lovell and Michael Uys, narrated by Richard Thomas, detailing the hobos of the Great Depression, with interviews of those who rode the rails during those years.
  • Hobo (1992), a documentary by John T. Davis, following the life of a hobo on his travels through the United States.
  • "The Human Experience", (2008), a documentary by Charles Kinnane. The first experience follows Jeffrey and his brother Clifford to the streets of New York City where the boys live with the homeless for a week in one of the coldest winters on record. The boys look for hope and camaraderie among their homeless companions, learning how to survive on the streets.
  • The American Hobo (2003), a documentary Narrated by Ernest Borgnine featuring interviews with Merle Haggard and James Michener.

Şarkılar

Musicians known for hobo songs include Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Utah Phillips, Baby Gramps, Jimmie Rodgers, Seasick Steve, and Boxcar Willie.

Examples of hobo songs include:

  • "Big Rock Candy Mountain" by Harry McClintock, recorded by various artists including Burl Ives, Tom Waits, Lisa Loeb, Baby Gramps, The Restarts and Harry Dean Stanton.
  • "Hallelujah, I'm a Bum" recorded by Harry McClintock, Al Jolson, and others
  • "Hard Travelin'" and "Hobo's Lullaby" by Woody Guthrie
  • Here Comes Your Man by the Pixies is about hobos travelling on trains in California and dying because of earthquakes.[7]
  • "Hobo" by The Hackensaw Boys
  • "Hobo Bill", "I Ain't Got No Home" and "Mysteries of a Hobo's Life" by Cisco Houston
  • "Hobo Bill's Last Ride" by Jimmy Rogers, also recorded by Manfred Mann's Earth Band
  • "Hobo Blues" and "The Hobo" by John Lee Hooker
  • "Hobo Chang Ba" by Captain Beefheart
  • "Hobo Flats" by Oliver Nelson
  • "Hobo Jungle" by The Band
  • "Hobo Kinda Man" by Lynyrd Skynyrd
  • "The Hobo Song" by John Prine also covered by Johnny Cash
  • "The Hobo Song" by Jack Bonus which was covered by Jerry Garcia's Bluegrass group, Old and in the Way
  • "Hobo's Lullaby" (aka "Weary Hobo"), written by Goebel Reeves, recorded by various artists including Woody Guthrie, Arlo Guthrie, Emmylou Harris, Pete Seeger, The Kingston Trio, and Ramblin' Jack Eliot
  • "Hobos on Parade" by Shannon Wright
  • "I Am a Lonesome Hobo", "Only a Hobo" and "Ramblin' Gamblin' Willie" by Bob Dylan
  • "Jack Straw" by Robert Hunter and Bob Weir
  • "Jesus' Blood Never Failed Me Yet" a recording of a hobo singing on a London street, by composer Gavin Bryars.
  • "King of the Road" by Roger Miller
  • "Kulkurin Valssi" (Hobo Waltz) by Arthur Kylander
  • "Lännen lokari" (Western Logger) by Hiski Salomaa
  • "Last of the Hobo Kings" by Mary Gauthier
  • "Like a Hobo" by Charlie Winston
  • "Mary Lane" by Fred Eaglesmith
  • "Morning Glory" by Tim Buckley lyrics by Larry Beckett
  • "Never Tire of the Road" by Andy Irvine
  • "Papa Hobo" and "Hobo's Blues" by Paul Simon
  • "Ramblin' Man" by Hank Williams Sr.
  • "Sergeant Small" by Andy Irvine
  • "Streets of London" by Ralph McTell
  • "Waiting for a Train" by Jimmie Rodgers
  • "Hopscotch Willie" by Stephen Malkmus
  • "Western Hobo" by The Carter Family
  • "Hobo Flats" by Count Basie
  • "Hobo, You Can't Ride This Train" by Louis Armstrong

Televizyon

  • Mannix (season 6), episode 22 "To Quote a Dead Man" (1973)
  • Criminal Minds (season 4), episode 5 "Catching Out" (2008)
  • Mad Men (season 1), episode 8, "The Hobo Code" (2007)
  • The Littlest Hobo
  • In The Simpsons, Grampa explains hobo symbols to Bart.

Sahne

  • King of the Hobos (2014), a one-man musical that premiered at Emerging Artists Theatre in New York City, is centered around the death of James Eads How, known during his lifetime as the "Millionaire Hobo".[8]

Kaynakça

  1. "On Hobos, Hautboys, and Other Beaus". OUPblog. Oxford University Press. 12 Kasım 2008. 5 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 5 Ağustos 2009.
  2. Mencken, H.L. (1937). "On the road again". The American Language (4th ed.). grammarphobia.com (July 25, 2009). 5 Mayıs 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Mayıs 2013.
  3. Moon, Gypsy: "Done and Been", page 198. Indiana University Press, 1996.
  4. Moon, Gypsy: "Done and Been", page 24. Indiana University Press, 1996.
  5. "American Travels of a Dutch Hobo, 1923-1926: Gerard Leeflang: 9780813808888: Amazon.com: Books". Amazon.com. 9 Temmuz 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Mayıs 2013.
  6. "The Great Depression - The Story of 250,000 Teenagers Who Left Home and Ride the Rails". Erroluys.com. 17 Nisan 1933. 22 Kasım 2015 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Mayıs 2013.
  7. "Here Comes Your Man". Frankblack.net. 26 Aralık 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Mayıs 2013.
  8. 3 Kasım 2014 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Brown Paper Tickets, accessed October 11, 2014

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